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Tree species diversity mitigates disturbance impacts on the forest carbon cycle
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Tree species diversity mitigates disturbance impacts on the forest carbon cycle
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value (String, 3286 characters ) <p>Biodiversity fosters the functioning and sta...
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<p>Biodiversity fosters the functioning and stability of forest ecosystems and, consequently, the provision of crucial ecosystem services that support <strong>human well-being</strong> and quality of life. In particular, it has been suggested that <strong>tree species</strong> <strong>diversity</strong> buffers ecosystems against the impacts of <strong>disturbances</strong>, a relationship known as the “insurance hypothesis”. Natural <strong>disturbances</strong> have increased across Europe in recent decades and <strong>climate change</strong> is expected to amplify the frequency and severity of <strong>disturbance</strong> events.</p> <p>In this context, mitigating <a class="entity concept acknowledged" href="http://fundiveuropektp.boku.ac.at/tematres/vocab/?tema=123" rel="skos:related">disturbance</a> impacts and increasing the <a class="entity concept acknowledged" href="http://fundiveuropektp.boku.ac.at/tematres/vocab/?tema=150" rel="skos:related">resilience</a> of forest ecosystems is of growing importance. We have tested how <strong>tree species</strong> <strong>diversity</strong> modulates the impact of <strong>disturbance</strong> on net <a class="entity concept acknowledged" href="http://fundiveuropektp.boku.ac.at/tematres/vocab/?tema=102" rel="skos:related">primary production</a> and the total carbon stored in living biomass for a temperate forest landscape in Central Europe. Using the simulation model iLand to study the effect of different <strong>disturbance</strong> regimes<br /> on landscapes with varying levels of <strong>tree species</strong> richness, we found that increasing <a class="entity concept acknowledged" href="http://fundiveuropektp.boku.ac.at/tematres/vocab/?tema=162" rel="skos:related">diversity</a> generally reduces the <a class="entity concept acknowledged" href="http://fundiveuropektp.boku.ac.at/tematres/vocab/?tema=123" rel="skos:related">disturbance</a> impact on <strong>carbon storage</strong> and uptake, but that this effect weakens or even reverses with successional development. Our simulations indicate a clear positive relationship between <strong>diversity</strong> and <strong>resilience</strong>, with more diverse systems experiencing lower disturbance-induced variability in<br /> their trajectories of ecosystem functioning. We found positive effects of <strong>tree species</strong> <strong>diversity</strong> are mainly driven by an increase in <a class="entity concept acknowledged" href="http://fundiveuropektp.boku.ac.at/tematres/vocab/?tema=33" rel="skos:related">functional diversity</a> and a modulation of traits related to recolonization and <strong>resource</strong> usage. The results of our study suggest that increasing <strong>tree species</strong> <strong>diversity</strong> could mitigate the effects of intensifying <strong>disturbance</strong> regimes on ecosystem functioning and improve the robustness of forest <a class="entity concept acknowledged" href="http://fundiveuropektp.boku.ac.at/tematres/vocab/?tema=144" rel="skos:related">carbon storage</a> and the role of forests in <a class="entity concept acknowledged" href="http://fundiveuropektp.boku.ac.at/tematres/vocab/?tema=20" rel="skos:related">climate change</a> mitigation.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
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<p>Biodiversity fosters the functioning and stability of forest ecosystems and, consequently, the provision of crucial ecosystem services that support <strong>human well-being</strong> and quality of life. In particular, it has been suggested that <strong>tree species</strong> <strong>diversity</strong> buffers ecosystems against the impacts of <strong>disturbances</strong>, a relationship known as the “insurance hypothesis”. Natural <strong>disturbances</strong> have increased across Europe in recent decades and <strong>climate change</strong> is expected to amplify the frequency and severity of <strong>disturbance</strong> events.</p> <p>In this context, mitigating <a class="entity concept acknowledged" href="http://fundiveuropektp.boku.ac.at/tematres/vocab/?tema=123" rel="skos:related">disturbance</a> impacts and increasing the <a class="entity concept acknowledged" href="http://fundiveuropektp.boku.ac.at/tematres/vocab/?tema=150" rel="skos:related">resilience</a> of forest ecosystems is of growing importance. We have tested how <strong>tree species</strong> <strong>diversity</strong> modulates the impact of <strong>disturbance</strong> on net <a class="entity concept acknowledged" href="http://fundiveuropektp.boku.ac.at/tematres/vocab/?tema=102" rel="skos:related">primary production</a> and the total carbon stored in living biomass for a temperate forest landscape in Central Europe. Using the simulation model iLand to study the effect of different <strong>disturbance</strong> regimes<br /> on landscapes with varying levels of <strong>tree species</strong> richness, we found that increasing <a class="entity concept acknowledged" href="http://fundiveuropektp.boku.ac.at/tematres/vocab/?tema=162" rel="skos:related">diversity</a> generally reduces the <a class="entity concept acknowledged" href="http://fundiveuropektp.boku.ac.at/tematres/vocab/?tema=123" rel="skos:related">disturbance</a> impact on <strong>carbon storage</strong> and uptake, but that this effect weakens or even reverses with successional development. Our simulations indicate a clear positive relationship between <strong>diversity</strong> and <strong>resilience</strong>, with more diverse systems experiencing lower disturbance-induced variability in<br /> their trajectories of ecosystem functioning. We found positive effects of <strong>tree species</strong> <strong>diversity</strong> are mainly driven by an increase in <a class="entity concept acknowledged" href="http://fundiveuropektp.boku.ac.at/tematres/vocab/?tema=33" rel="skos:related">functional diversity</a> and a modulation of traits related to recolonization and <strong>resource</strong> usage. The results of our study suggest that increasing <strong>tree species</strong> <strong>diversity</strong> could mitigate the effects of intensifying <strong>disturbance</strong> regimes on ecosystem functioning and improve the robustness of forest <a class="entity concept acknowledged" href="http://fundiveuropektp.boku.ac.at/tematres/vocab/?tema=144" rel="skos:related">carbon storage</a> and the role of forests in <a class="entity concept acknowledged" href="http://fundiveuropektp.boku.ac.at/tematres/vocab/?tema=20" rel="skos:related">climate change</a> mitigation.</p> <p> </p> <p> </p>
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#view_mode (String, 4 characters ) full
-
#language (String, 3 characters ) und
-
#field_name (String, 16 characters ) field_userrating
-
#field_type (String, 8 characters ) fivestar
-
#field_translatable (String, 1 characters ) 0
-
#entity_type (String, 4 characters ) node
-
#bundle (String, 17 characters ) knowledge_element
-
#object (Object) stdClass
-
∞ (Recursion)
-
-
#items (Array, 1 element)
-
#formatter (String, 26 characters ) fivestar_formatter_default
-
0 (Array, 3 elements)
-
#attributes (Array, 1 element)
-
#theme_wrappers (Array, 1 element)
-
0 (String, 9 characters ) container
-
-
average (Array, 6 elements)
-
#theme (String, 26 characters ) fivestar_formatter_default
-
#rating (Integer) 0
-
#instance_settings (Array, 6 elements)
-
stars (String, 1 characters ) 5
-
allow_clear (Integer) 0
-
target (String, 4 characters ) none
-
user_register_form (Boolean) FALSE
-
allow_revote (Boolean) TRUE
-
allow_ownvote (Boolean) TRUE
-
-
#display_settings (Array, 4 elements)
-
widget (Array, 1 element)
-
fivestar_widget (String, 50 characters ) sites/all/modules/fivestar/widgets/basic/basic.css
-
-
expose (Integer) 0
-
style (String, 7 characters ) average
-
text (String, 7 characters ) average
-
-
#widget (Array, 2 elements)
-
#description (String, 106 characters ) <div class="fivestar-summary fivestar-summary-a...
-
<div class="fivestar-summary fivestar-summary-average-count"><span class="empty">No votes yet</span></div>
-
-
-
-
-
field_intended_reader (Array, 17 elements)
-
#theme (String, 5 characters ) field
-
#weight (String, 1 characters ) 0
-
#title (String, 15 characters ) Intended Reader
-
#access (Boolean) TRUE
-
#label_display (String, 6 characters ) inline
-
#view_mode (String, 4 characters ) full
-
#language (String, 3 characters ) und
-
#field_name (String, 21 characters ) field_intended_reader
-
#field_type (String, 9 characters ) list_text
-
#field_translatable (String, 1 characters ) 0
-
#entity_type (String, 4 characters ) node
-
#bundle (String, 17 characters ) knowledge_element
-
#object (Object) stdClass
-
∞ (Recursion)
-
-
#items (Array, 2 elements)
-
#formatter (String, 12 characters ) list_default
-
0 (Array, 1 element)
-
#markup (String, 14 characters ) Forest Manager
-
-
1 (Array, 1 element)
-
#markup (String, 10 characters ) Researcher
-
-
-
#pre_render (Array, 1 element)
-
0 (String, 30 characters ) _field_extra_fields_pre_render | (Callback) _field_extra_fields_pre_render();
-
-
#entity_type (String, 4 characters ) node
-
#bundle (String, 17 characters ) knowledge_element
-
#groups (Array, 4 elements)
-
group_display_publications (Object) stdClass
-
id (String, 2 characters ) 26
-
identifier (String, 57 characters ) group_display_publications|node|knowledge_eleme...
-
group_display_publications|node|knowledge_element|default
-
-
group_name (String, 26 characters ) group_display_publications
-
entity_type (String, 4 characters ) node
-
bundle (String, 17 characters ) knowledge_element
-
mode (String, 7 characters ) default
-
parent_name (String, 0 characters )
-
table (String, 11 characters ) field_group
-
type (String, 6 characters ) Normal
-
export_type (Integer) 1
-
disabled (Boolean) FALSE
-
label (String, 20 characters ) Related publications
-
weight (String, 1 characters ) 6
-
children (Array, 3 elements)
-
format_type (String, 4 characters ) htab
-
format_settings (Array, 3 elements)
-
label (String, 20 characters ) Related publications
-
instance_settings (Array, 2 elements)
-
classes (String, 44 characters ) group-display-publications field-group-htab
-
description (String, 0 characters )
-
-
formatter (String, 6 characters ) closed
-
-
-
group_display_linked_content (Object) stdClass
-
id (String, 2 characters ) 27
-
identifier (String, 59 characters ) group_display_linked_content|node|knowledge_ele...
-
group_display_linked_content|node|knowledge_element|default
-
-
group_name (String, 28 characters ) group_display_linked_content
-
entity_type (String, 4 characters ) node
-
bundle (String, 17 characters ) knowledge_element
-
mode (String, 7 characters ) default
-
parent_name (String, 0 characters )
-
table (String, 11 characters ) field_group
-
type (String, 6 characters ) Normal
-
export_type (Integer) 1
-
disabled (Boolean) FALSE
-
label (String, 14 characters ) Linked content
-
weight (String, 1 characters ) 7
-
children (Array, 3 elements)
-
format_type (String, 4 characters ) htab
-
format_settings (Array, 2 elements)
-
formatter (String, 6 characters ) closed
-
instance_settings (Array, 2 elements)
-
description (String, 0 characters )
-
classes (String, 46 characters ) group-display-linked-content field-group-htab
-
-
-
-
group_display_location (Object) stdClass
-
id (String, 2 characters ) 44
-
identifier (String, 53 characters ) group_display_location|node|knowledge_element|d...
-
group_display_location|node|knowledge_element|default
-
-
group_name (String, 22 characters ) group_display_location
-
entity_type (String, 4 characters ) node
-
bundle (String, 17 characters ) knowledge_element
-
mode (String, 7 characters ) default
-
parent_name (String, 0 characters )
-
table (String, 11 characters ) field_group
-
type (String, 6 characters ) Normal
-
export_type (Integer) 1
-
disabled (Boolean) FALSE
-
label (String, 8 characters ) Location
-
weight (String, 1 characters ) 4
-
children (Array, 1 element)
-
0 (String, 14 characters ) field_location
-
-
format_type (String, 4 characters ) htab
-
format_settings (Array, 2 elements)
-
formatter (String, 6 characters ) closed
-
instance_settings (Array, 2 elements)
-
description (String, 0 characters )
-
classes (String, 40 characters ) group-display-location field-group-htab
-
-
-
-
group_display_tags (Object) stdClass
-
id (String, 2 characters ) 45
-
identifier (String, 49 characters ) group_display_tags|node|knowledge_element|default
-
group_name (String, 18 characters ) group_display_tags
-
entity_type (String, 4 characters ) node
-
bundle (String, 17 characters ) knowledge_element
-
mode (String, 7 characters ) default
-
parent_name (String, 0 characters )
-
table (String, 11 characters ) field_group
-
type (String, 6 characters ) Normal
-
export_type (Integer) 1
-
disabled (Boolean) FALSE
-
label (String, 4 characters ) Tags
-
weight (String, 1 characters ) 5
-
children (Array, 1 element)
-
0 (String, 10 characters ) field_tags
-
-
format_type (String, 4 characters ) htab
-
format_settings (Array, 2 elements)
-
formatter (String, 6 characters ) closed
-
instance_settings (Array, 2 elements)
-
description (String, 0 characters )
-
classes (String, 36 characters ) group-display-tags field-group-htab
-
-
-
-
-
#fieldgroups (Array, 4 elements)
-
group_display_publications (Object) stdClass
-
∞ (Recursion)
-
-
group_display_linked_content (Object) stdClass
-
∞ (Recursion)
-
-
group_display_location (Object) stdClass
-
∞ (Recursion)
-
-
group_display_tags (Object) stdClass
-
∞ (Recursion)
-
-
-
#group_children (Array, 8 elements)
-
field_biblio_reference (String, 26 characters ) group_display_publications
-
field_biblio_further_readings (String, 26 characters ) group_display_publications
-
field_biblio_evidence (String, 26 characters ) group_display_publications
-
field_hypothesis_reference (String, 28 characters ) group_display_linked_content
-
field_content_reference (String, 28 characters ) group_display_linked_content
-
field_question_reference (String, 28 characters ) group_display_linked_content
-
field_location (String, 22 characters ) group_display_location
-
field_tags (String, 18 characters ) group_display_tags
-
-
links (Array, 5 elements)
-
#theme (String, 11 characters ) links__node
-
#pre_render (Array, 1 element)
-
0 (String, 23 characters ) drupal_pre_render_links | (Callback) drupal_pre_render_links();
-
-
#attributes (Array, 1 element)
-
node (Array, 3 elements)
-
comment (Array, 3 elements)
-
#theme (String, 20 characters ) links__node__comment
-
#links (Array, 1 element)
-
comment_forbidden (Array, 2 elements)
-
-
#attributes (Array, 1 element)
-
-
-
comments (Array, 0 elements)
-
#view_mode (String, 4 characters ) full
-
#theme (String, 4 characters ) node
-
#node (Object) stdClass
-
∞ (Recursion)
-
-
#language (String, 2 characters ) en
-
-
Krumo version 0.2.1a
| http://krumo.sourceforge.net/home/fundiveuropektp/www/includes/menu.inc
, line527